Linear Programming Essays - Mathematical Optimization,

Linear Programming Linear programming is a nonstatistical mathematical technique whereby the maximization or minimization of a linear expresion of variables, call the objective function, is determined in the presence of known or assumed restrictions, call constraint. In essence, it's a procedure for solving the problems in which there are more variables than simultaneous equations in which the variables are expressed. No probability or statistics are needed to study linear programming. The mathematics involved in linear programming is relatively easy to understand and to manipulate in contrast to calculus. Linear equations and inequations form the mathematical skeleton around which linear programming is built. A linear function called the object function is to be maximized or minimized in some sense, like optimzed. Most real world problems have many possible solutions. The purpose of optimization is to choose from among many possible solutions the "best" possible solutions. Some example of "best" are highest profit, lowest cost, largest sales, lowest production time, etc. The optimization of the objective functions take place in teh presence of known or assumed restriction. The technical term constraints is used to describe the restrictions present in linear programming problem. The constraints are expressed mathemically as inequalities. In a practical real-world situation, the constraints are generated by the presence of limited resources or commodities such as capital manpower and raw material. Mathematically, inequations can be converted to equations by the introduction of slack variables. Linear programming can be dated from the year 1947 when G.B. Dantzing evolved an efficent technique call the Simplex Method, for solving linear programming problems. The following decades, the rapid development of both the theory and applications of linear programming which were aided by the simultaneous introduction of the electronic computers. One of the first probelm to be solved by the simplex method was Stigler's diet problem (1945). Here is the diet problem Protein Fat Carbohydrate Cost 100g bread 40 5 205 2.2p 100g cheese 60 380 60 12p Minimal daily requirement 300 790 1350 The problem is determine how much bread and cheese Mrs. Jones should buy each day in order to minimize the cost of the diet, whilst fulfilling the calorie requirements. Suppose shy buys x' * 100g of cheese and x'' * 100g of cheese, then the mathematical problem, known as a linear programme is as follows. Minimize z=2.2x' + 12x'' (Cost Of Diet) Subject To 40x' + 60x'' > or = 300 (At least 300 cal of protein) 5x' + 380x'' > or = 790 (At least 790 cal of fat) 205x' + 60x'' > or = 1350 (At least 1350 cal of carbo.) x' > or = 0, x2 > = 0 (quantites must be non-negative) The easiest and most illustrative method of solving problems in two unknowns is the graphical method. The value of x' and x'' satisfying 40x' + 60x'' > or = 300 lies in the upper half-plane bounded by the straight line 40x' + 60x'' = 300, so the x' and x'' satistying all the above inequalities lie in the intersection of their respective half - plane. Interger Solutions Provided the supplies and demands are positive intergers, the matrix minimum method always leads to and optimal solution with integer values as the method only involves operations on integers which results in integers. Obviously a non-integer optimal solution would be useless. Uniqueness It can happen that two or more differnet allocations of ships between ports give rise to thesame minimum cost. However, if v'=u'

Animal Farm Essay

Animal Farm Essay Animal Farm Essay Moshe Kramer Explore the ways in which Orwell changes the reader’s attitudes toward Napoleon in Animal Farm. ‘Animal Farm’ is a satirical allegory which mocks Communism and the Soviet Union. Orwell does this by subtly criticising every aspect of communism by using the parallel parable of animals on a farm. Orwell himself refers to the book as a fairy tale. This is clear from the simple, almost child-like style that the book is written in. Orwell writes in this fashion to give him license to ridicule Communism and Stalin without being too controversial and direct. Joseph Stalin is represented in ‘Animal Farm’ by the â€Å"large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar†: Napoleon. He â€Å"was not much of a talker but with a reputation of getting his own way.† This is how Napoleon is first introduced in the book. At first Napoleon is portrayed as a quiet but resourceful pig as he â€Å"served out a double ration of corn to everybody.† The celebrative and joyful tone of this sentence reflects the freedom and happiness that the animals felt. The repe tition of â€Å"Snowball and Napoleon† when orders are given by the pair suggest that they were the ones in charge. However Snowball being mentioned first every time suggests that he seemed destined to become the next leader of the farm (just like Trotsky- his parallel- had been in Russia). At first he was just seen as an alternative leader with different ideas as he â€Å"took no interest in Snowball’s committees†. The first allusion to Napoleon’s true motives takes place when he distracts the animals so he can take the milk and apples for the pigs. â€Å"That will be attended to† he said. The short sentence alludes to the selfish intentions that Napoleon was concealing. This is the point where the transformation of Napoleon by Orwell began; from a seemingly calm and composed potential leader to the exploitative dictator that he eventually becomes. Further negative characteristics of Napoleon are displayed in the following pages. He is not mentioned at all during â€Å"the battle of the cowshed,† which alludes to his cowardice and weakness of character. Napoleon â€Å"urinated over the plans† that Snowball had created to better the life of the animals. This shocking event in a so-far conservative and innocent book -along with the long sentence that it happens in- draws attention to the fact that Napoleon was counter-productive and power hungry rather than actually wanting to improve the animals’ quality of life. Further evidence of this is that: â€Å"Napoleon produced no schemes of his own.† This apparently solid statement is riddled with irony since all Napoleon did do was scheme- but just nothing productive. For example when he took the puppies â€Å"away from their mothers† and â€Å"the farm soon forgot of their existence.† The fate of these dogs is soon revealed as Napoleon  "uttered a high-pitched whimper† and â€Å"nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball†. The powerful verbs and adjectives: â€Å"enormous,† â€Å"bounding,† and â€Å"dashed,† allude to the intensity of Napoleon’s evilness and his complete willingness to utilise force and exploitation to achieve his self-seeking aims. His expulsion of Snowball also hints to his shrewd and cunning personalities as he had been planning for this for a long time. This is the first major action that Napoleon does that confirms and exposes his exploitative and selfish tendencies. The reader’s attitude towards Napoleon is further changed and developed when he uses a combination of Squealer, the growling dogs and the sheep’s bleating chorus of â€Å"four legs good, two legs bad,† to eliminate any possible opposition to his position of power. Later â€Å"Napoleon announced that the windmill was to be built after all.† This was an endeavour that Napoleon had previously been bitterly opposed to. However Squealer justified this action by saying that â€Å"Napoleon had never in reality been opposed to the windmill,† but it had been his idea from the start. Animal Farm Essay Animal Farm Essay Orwell was born Eric Hugh Blair in 1903 to Richard and Mabel Blair in Motihari, Bengal. Orwell had two sisters but was never able to grow close to them as a result of his distant travels. About eight years later Orwell was shipped to England where he would begin what would become a rather promising foundation to his education. Orwell graduated from Eton at age eighteen only to be sent back to India as he acquired the job of an Imperial Police Officer. Following his five years of service Orwell moved to London by free will where he truly absorbed the world of the unequally impoverished. Grasping these sights would soon spark something in Orwell as they helped lay the foundation for his two well-known political satires â€Å"Animal Farm†, and â€Å"Nineteen Eighty-Four†. Not only bound to books, Orwell wrote an intricate essay â€Å"Politics and the English Language† depicting how manipulation can result from vague writing as he continued to branch out from his pri mal ideas. At the age of forty-seven unfortunately, Orwell pasted away due to an artery bursting in his lung. Luckily, his works are here to continue to entertain as well as enlighten readers. â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell is a novel based on the lives of animals living on the Manor Farm. Even though the title of the book suggests the book is simply about animals, the story is a much more in depth re-creation of the workings of society in Communist Russia. The animals in the book show identical characteristics to those that were a part of the Russian Revolution. The animals of Manor Farm are unhappy, in fact, growing angry. Jones the farmer is not only a drunk, but also a terrible farmer. Led by the pigs, which are the â€Å"brain workers†, a successful revolution is carried out. They plan a future for the good of all animals, as they hope for a better life. They operate the farm themselves as they struggle through the hard times and battle to retake the farm. L ater on there are political struggles between the pigs who can’t agree who should be leader as they are filling up with greed. With greed there is always downfall. The pigs seem to be changing the rules to suit themselves while having ways of frightening those who speak out, similar to that of the Russian KGB. The one pig that really had a good heart (Leon Trotsky) is run out by the power hungry pig (Stalin). The plan turns into a nightmare, as living conditions for the animals fall even worse than before. In the end the provisions from the start are broken as pig befriends man and man befriends pig turning the sole purpose of animalism into something completely different. Disturbingly, it was â€Å"impossible to say which was which†, as the differences of both pig and man were no longer present. Animal Farm’s purpose is to shed light on the Russian Revolution by sizing down the different parties and armies to a sense where their interactions are more understand able. The characters in the story are given extremely similar characteristics to those that actually took part in the Russian Revolution. The satire in Animal Farm is not direct, but allegorical because the human beings are disguised as animals. The actual â€Å"human† beings in this story symbolize the capitalist class of society, while the animals represent Communists. The Rebellion against Mr. Jones is most likely a historical portrayal of the Russian Revolution, while the sign of the hoof and horn on the flag adopted by the animals is the hammer and sickle on the Russian flag. Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm† can be enlightening to readers on the subject of the Russian Revolution and its ties, as it’s basically a re-enactment. This book does have great significance as it helps the average person look past the face of communism and into the horrors that it created. Orwell’s book completely covers the topic, but only

Learn Artist Idioms in Context

Learn Artist Idioms in Context Here is a discussion of what makes an artist. The focus is on personality characteristics and youll find 15 new idioms defined below used in context in the story.  Try reading one time to understand the gist without using the idiom definitions. On your second reading, use the definitions to help you understand the text while learning new idioms. Finally, take the quiz after the reading to practice the idioms and expressions youve learned. The Artist What makes an artist an artist? Well, there probably isnt any easy answer to that question. However, there are some personality characteristics that many artists seem to have in common. First of all, artists come from all walks of life. They may have been born rich or poor, but they are all dedicated to realizing what only they can see in their minds eyes. Another common trait of artists is that they do things according to their own lights. In fact, for many of them, creating art is do or die. Of course, that also means that they are often perfectionists. Theyll lose themselves in a new creation and you might not see them for the next few weeks. Often, you might drop by to check up on how they are doing and youll discover that their apartment is anything but spick-and-span. Its no wonder because theyve sunk their teeth into their latest work and completely lost all track of time. Housework is certainly the last thing on their mind! Of course, this lifestyle often means that they can barely make ends meet. Jobs are few and far between and money comes in dribs and dabs. This is true even for up-and-coming superstars whose reputation is growing by leaps and bounds. Finally, artists see art as an end in itself. Its not about the money to them. Theyre different from normal people who mind their ps and qs. Artists challenge us with their vision. Theyd never slap something together that just looks pretty. Idiom and Expression Definitions do something according to your own lights do something your own way, follow your own inspiration rather than that of othersall walks of life from many different backgrounds, classes, etc.  an end in itself something done only for the pleasure of doing itbreak new ground create something new, innovatedo or die (used as an adjective) absolutely necessarydribs and dabs little by little, not happening continuously  in your minds eye in your imaginationby leaps and bounds grow or improve very quicklylose yourself in something become so involved that you dont notice anything elsemake ends meet earn enough money to live onmind your ps and qs be normal, not interfere with other peoplesink your teeth into something concentrate on doing a project seriously for a long timeslap something together create something without much care to detailspick-and-span extremely cleanup-and-coming soon to be famous, young talent becoming successful   Idiom and Expression Quiz Im afraid I cant follow your suggestion. I prefer to paint __________.Can you see that picture __________?Our son is very good at the piano. In fact, hes improving __________.Unfortunately, money is very tight at the moment. I dont have a steady job so the money is coming in __________.Id love to _________ my __________ a new project.Its important that your house is _________ if you want to sell it.Peter is an _________ musician. Hell soon be famous.I think this work of art ________. Its completely different from anything before.Please be quiet and __________. I dont want to be bothered.Students attending the academy come from __________. Youll find people from all over the world with different backgrounds.   Quiz Answers according to my own lightsin your minds eyeby leaps and boundsdribs and dabssink my teeth intospick-and-spanup-and-comingbreaks new groundmind your ps and qsall walks of life You can learn more idioms and expressions in context with these stories.

Methods and History and Cases under the Criminal Justice System Essay

Methods and History and Cases under the Criminal Justice System - Essay Example In the case of Panetti vs Quaterman, the Defendant Scott Louis Panetti was sentenced to death row because of the double murder he committed, after killing his wife's parents. His doctors stated that Panetti have a mental disorder and the doctors concludes that Panetti believes that he will be put to death because he is preaching the Gospels. The case of Panetti is similar to the decision of Supreme Court in 1986, for the case of Ford vs Wainwright. The idea of mental illness is fundamental, and in a due process model the Criminal justice development, it has been contended, can be characterized as a structure whereby ever growing impediments are required to be prevailed over as the suspect continues further down it. (Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, 2003, page 66). It is also contended by Gelsthorpe (2002, page 106) that those caught up in defence work are more connected with due process whereas prosecutors and the courts are more connected with a crime control model. Due process recognizes that a number of culpable individuals will be exonerated but contends that this is fair with the intention of making sure the freeing of the innocent. (Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, 2003, page 66). In... A rule which driven the accountability for crime prevention beyond onto the responsibility of private individuals seemed foolish, given that it purely bared the shortfalls of a criminal justice system which was calling for a greater fraction of public expenditure. Possibly more vital, although, were the issues regarding creating a stronghold mentality, which would consecutively produce more apprehension than the lopsided quantity and previously subsisted, and which was swiftly being distinguished as an issue in its own right. As a general rule, the threat of harm must be real and present 48 and the proof of dangerousness clear and convincing. 49 We note at the outset that dangerousness has a special, though elusive, meaning in the context of involuntary commitment. It refers not only to the likelihood of violence to oneself or to others but also to severe self-neglect, to the point where the individual is unable to survive safely in the community, as the Supreme Court was careful to explain in its landmark decision in O'Connor v. Donaldson. Although civil commitment had been practiced in the United States for over two hundred years, O'Connor was the first case in which the Supreme Court considered the constitutional boundaries of the commitment process. The case involved a fifty-five-year-old man who was committed to the Florida State Hospital at Chattahoochee in 1957 and kept there for nearly fifteen years without treatment, although he had never been dangerous to himself or others, was capable of earning a living outside the hospital, and had received offers to live in a supportive halfway house or with a former college classmate who was willing and able to provide for his welfare. The

Burial at Thebes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Burial at Thebes - Essay Example Heaney’s work followed the same storyline of Sophocles’ work, but in an all new structure and sentences, giving his own interpretations to certain events and decisions of the characters. As Heaney wrote this work in 2003, the year of Iraq War, there is view that he seems to be influenced by the War to come up with his own interpretation of Antigone. â€Å"(He) wrote in 2003, believing that "with the White House and the Pentagon in cahoots, determined to bring the rest of us into line over Iraq, the passion and protest of an Antigone were all of a sudden as vital as oxygen masks". (Spencer 2007). Apart from these reflections, this work and the conflicts between the main characters seems to be relevant to the current times across different culture. As in Sophocles’s Antigone, The Burial at Thebes is about life, fight and death of Antigone and the events surrounding it, with the conflicts between the characters leading to a tragic end. The title of the play in a wa y recalls the punishment meted out to Antigone in the cave of Thebes, where she was buried alive. After her two brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, die in the Thebes’ civil war, both were given contrasting ‘burials’, based on the allegiance. â€Å"The tragedy is multiplied when not only Polyneices is felled in the war, but also Antigone’s other brother, Eteocles, perishes on the opposing side -- Creon’s side. ... Already tainted by her heritage, Antigone wants to give some honour to his dead brother, although he was considered as the traitor of Thebes by the King Creon. This sets the stage for the major conflict between Antigone and her future father-in-law Creon. Antigone has been betrothed to Creon’s son Haemon, and that does not prevent her from fighting for her dead brother. On the other hand, Creon by placing his kingdom and his policies regarding traitors over his soon-to-be daughter-in-law’s dead brother, denies her wish. With both of them not willing to give in from their Stated positions, it leads to further deterioration of their relationship. This conflict between daughter-in-law and father-in-law, although not a common occurrence, happens in cultures all over the world. Stereotypically, mother-in-laws and daughter-in-laws are considered to be ‘sworn enemies’, who both indulge in conflicts quite often, with the father-in-law being the silent spectator. Ho wever, sometimes, conflicts could arise between them and that could come into the public domain, if anyone one of them is a public figure. This has happened in the case of Chairman of the family bench at Worcester Magistrates Court, Richard Westcott, whose daughter-in-law, Sarah complained that he physically assaulted him during a scuffle. Sarah had a fight with her husband and Richard’s son, Edward, when it was alleged that his father-in-law, wanting to protect his son, intervened and physically assaulted her although she had baby in her hand. The court heard she later told police: â€Å"I was hit on my upper body and Daniel was hit on the side. I'm a doctor and I'm worried about Daniel's arm. I was hit at least seven times.† (Dolan 2007). Her complaint against Richard

Ford Focus and Ford Motor Company Essay Example for Free

Ford Focus and Ford Motor Company Essay When Alan Mulally took over as Chief Executive Officer at Ford Motor Company in 2006 the organization was losing billions of dollars. According to Tony Schwartz (2010), â€Å"It had just come off reporting a $14. 6 billion loss for 2008, its fourth losing year in a row† (para. 1). The article Alan Mulally-Making Ford a Model for the Future illustrates the progress of Alan Mulally and the four simple principles that are making the company become profitable. Principles are important in any organization and an employee needs to feel important and motivated to come to work. These are a few of the principles that Alan Mulally have implemented since 2006: Stand for something beyond profit. Rally your employees around a shared mission. Practice a realistic optimism. Tell the truth without fear (Schwartz, 2010). The turnaround at Ford Motor Company was not overnight. He invested in the vision â€Å"One Ford† which has the idea of creating vehicles that will appeal to both American and European consumers by utilizing a common design theme that would move beyond the three-bar infatuation of the United States (Lavrinc, 2007). The transformation of the American icon was due to the One Ford vision and one year after 2008, Ford Motor Company reported a profit of $2. 7 billion. This transformation would not have happened if Alan Mulally did not take over in 2006. The ethical behavior by Ford Motor Company’s Chief Executive Officer has shown to be a true testament to future CEO’s in the global market. When the company raised $23. 5 billion to finance the restructuring and accelerate the investment in new products it shows great leadership during the Great Recession (Bartiromo, 2011). This American icon is 110 years old and recently had the strongest third quarter profit in history in 2012. This would not have happened without Alan Mulally reducing the brands of Aston Martin, Jaguar, Mazda, Land Rover, and Volvo into the two main components that a person would vision on the road today Ford and Lincoln. The leadership is beyond extraordinary and models like the Ford Focus is now one of the country’s best selling cars (Schwartz, 2010). The business environment is multifaceted with enormous challenges that face the global market. By focusing attention on a vision, the leader operates on the emotional and spiritual resources of the organization, on its values, commitment, and aspirations. The manager, by contrast, operates on the physical resources of the organization, on its capital, human skills, raw materials, and technology. The results that an individual observes currently are in direct correlation of the actions over the last five years. Ford has now paid back the $23. 5 billion that was taken out in 2006 to finance the restructuring and investment of new products. The company has started to hire and bring jobs back to the United States. According to Schwartz (2010), â€Å"Mulally is taking an old-school industrial company and turning it into a model of how modern company ought to be run† (para. 3). Using the PESTEL Analysis to capture macro-environmental forces and including part of the Ansoff Product/Market Opportunity Matrix Ford Motor Company can thrive on market penetration strategies. The following PESTEL Analysis shows the six factors that are the biggest weaknesses and strengths perceived to be the primary data in the next five years for the automotive giant.

Premonitions :: essays research papers

Gracie lives in Washington State with her Aunt Shay and cousin Diego. Her father deserted her when she was a young girl, and her mother was killed a year and a half ago. She makes no effort to listen to her â€Å"best friend† Emily, and that’s one of the reasons Gracie feels bad when Emily disappears. Another reason is because Gracie has premonitions. They’ve been with her since before her mother died. She never knows if she is seeing the past, the present, or the future. But she did see Emily. Gracie did not know where or when the premonition took place, but she felt the fear in Emily’s body. No news of Emily’s disappearance goes on for days, but as the days go on, Gracie sees a premonition here and there. A waterfall here, a passing light there, but they make no sense. Gracie goes to a computer camp where Emily was supposed to register. She has a feeling that there is some sort of connection with the camp because another girl disappeared who was a member of it. She sees more premonitions, but all they do is confuse her even more than she already is. One premonition shows her that another girl is going to be kidnapped at a park. Gracie convinces her cousin to take her there. Dora, a girl from the camp, is the girl from her vision. She tells her she is psychic and she has to leave the park before she is kidnapped. Dora leaves, and the head of the camp, Jonah Castle, believes that Gracie is Dora. Gracie plays along and she is led to a boat. She knows that somewhere in her visions, there was a boat. She feels close, and she doesn’t pick up any bad reading from Jonah. When they get to the boat, she runs on to find out that she is being kidnapped. Gracie had not seen Dora in her vision. She has seen herself. Jonah soon comes and explains his way of taking underprivileged children and putting them together in a secluded home. It has every essential a child could want, but the children are taken from their normal lives. Insid e the house, she finds Emily, along with other children. Gracie soon realizes that there is no hope of escaping. And she’s the only one who cares. Gracie quickly becomes a favorite of Jonah.

The Purpose of Performing Environmental Monitoring Programs

Describe the intent for executing environmental monitoring plans and the importance of good experimental design and quality confidence in these plans Introduction Monitoring is a common tool everyone uses in mundane life may it be to maintain path of conditions, stocks, traffic forms, or lodging costs. Decisions are so made based on the information we accumulate through this procedure. Monitoring keeps us informed, it helps us with determinations and qui vives us to any possible jobs that may originate in the hereafter or may hold occurred in the yesteryear. Environmental monitoring explains the processs and projects that need to take topographic point to supervise the quality of the environment. Although environmental monitoring plans over the old ages, have been criticized for â€Å"costing excessively much while presenting excessively little† , it operates as an indispensable scientific process/step by uncovering any kind of tendencies that may take to new cognition and/or better apprehension of the environment. Aimfor executing environmental monitoring plans The intent for executing environmental monitoring is to mensurate the positive/negative impacts of homo or natural impact on the environment. It can be used in the readying of Environmental Impact Statement ( EIA ) and in any environmental scene where human influences on the natural environment may or may non be apparent, or has the possibility of negative or positive alteration that may originate over clip. The intent for executing any kind of plans and policies would frequently be designed around the current province of the environment and will seek to determine tendencies in environmental parametric quantities centred on current or baseline informations sets. Examples of these supervising plans can be seen in the instance survey of the Investigation of shadowings H2O leak at the Ranger U mine and the Australia Pacific LNG- Receiving Environment Monitoring Program: Condamine River. The intent of the monitoring plan at the Ranger U mine was for the Supervising Scientist to find the sum to which the environment ( affecting people ) have been effected by the possible impacts of U excavation due to a leak which occurred in one of the shadowings H2O return pipe at the Ranger U mine during the 1999–2000 moisture season. The ERA predicted that approximately 2000 three-dimensional meters of procedure shadowing H2O had seeped from a pipe. However the flow rate of the pipe was non measured hence taking to uncertainness in the appraisal of the entire volume of the leak as some of the shadowings H2O may non hold entered the disused pipe section. The plan aims to find if the redress work were successful and whether the escape had impacted the Kakuda National Park, which is located downstream from the site. In the 2nd instance survey on the Australia Pacific LNG- Receiving Environment Monitoring Program: Condamine River, the intent of the monitoring plans was for research workers to place and depict the extent of any unfavorable environmental impacts on the local waterways of the already ill conditioned Condamine Catchment. Agricultural development and H2O resource development within the part have contributed to the hapless wellness in the part. Furthermore, the profusion and copiousness of macroinvertebrate communities in the part is lower compared with the expected natural status due to the hapless H2O quality. Therefore the plan aims to find if the increased discharge of treated coal seam gas ( CSG ) H2O to natural waterways as a portion of the Australia Pacific LNG Project will hold further negative effects on the part and to supervise any alterations in the receiving H2O among many other purposes. The importance of good experimental designs Experimental designs are frequently calculated but controlled nosiness of the natural order of events by research workers. Experimental designs refer to a â€Å"structured, planned method, which is used to happen the relationship between different factors ( X variables ) that affect a undertaking and the different results of a undertaking ( Y variables ) .† A method created by Sir Ronald A Fisher in the 1920s and 1930s. The importance of experimental design comes from the chase for illation sing grounds or relationships as opposed to merely depicting why an event occurred, as research workers are seldom content to merely explicate the events they observe. They want to do tax write-offs as to what created, contributed to, or triggered events. In order to obtain dependable information, some signifier of intricate experimental design is required. The intent of the design is to govern out option or irrelevant relationships, effects and causes, in order to deduce the existent and existent factor. Seen in the Ranger U mine instance survey where a leak occurred, the informations that instigated the probes were non everyday monitoring informations but research informations. The statutory monitoring informations, which were conveyed to the governments before the incident, did non supply any suggestion of the leak because there were no systematic monitoring plans designed to supervise the unity of the secondary containment system. Therefore a new monitoring plan was initiated to quantify the tonss and concentrations of pollutants that were go forthing the Ranger Project Area which were attributable to mining processs on the site. This allows the appraisal of H2O quality informations with suited benchmarks and besides permits the designation of tendencies in H2O quality. This will let direction to take appropriate actions in a timely mode. In the instance of Australia Pacific LNG, good experimental design is of import in this survey because the watercourse H2O was non merely for imbibing intents, the H2O quality is besides a major factor in the control of fish motion and H2O irrigation for agribusiness intents in the part. Irrespective of whether the CSG discharge was being released into the river or non, the quality of the H2O in the river at the different receiving environment and background sites were monitored throughout the monitoring plan. The consequences were so reviewed to find the most appropriate location for the extra CSG discharge, as the Department of Environment and Resource Management ( DERM ) had non yet identified the location of the discharge. Interim and one-year interpretative studies depicting the consequences was completed after each monitoring event, which allows the analysis of spacial and temporal tendencies. This provided recommendations sing the definition of the receiving environment, super vising plan design and direction of discharges if required. The consequences of any monitoring instances will ever be evaluated and scrutinized, as research workers ever want to sort ideal conditions in which certain factors would hold the most influence on the consequences and every bit good as those that do non. This is to observe interfaces and interactions amongst the factors. Effective environmental monitoring plan, frequently adhere to some basic yet of import constructs. Some illustrations include puting good aims, holding a grade of preciseness, reproduction and generalization ; controls, ‘Blind’ Designs and ideally the experimental method should be both accurate ( i.e. , give the true mean ) and precise ( i.e. , have a low criterion divergence ) , although sometimes one is more of import than the other for their plans. The choice of any experimental design depends on your aim as seen in the above illustrations. The pattern of invariably updating the hypothesis and comparing the inferred provinces of nature with existent informations may take on to the right replies because good experimental design allows the ‘quantification of uncertainty.’ Quality Assurance ( QA ) In monitoring plans, quality assurance/quality control steps are of import constituents of the plans because these activities demonstrate the truth and preciseness ( how near to the existent consequence you are vs. how consistent your consequences are ) of the monitoring plans. Quality Assurance ( QA ) by and large refers to the procedure to guarantee that dependable consequences are obtained and recorded. It starts prior to try aggregation ( method proof and certification ) , is indispensable for forensic intents & A ; legal conformity and is highly utile for long-run informations analysis. QA should depict how researches would get down their monitoring attempt from accurate recording of all processs, preparation of voluntaries, survey design, informations organisation and analysis to specific quality control measures. Quality Control ( QC ) entails all the stairss researches will take to standardise the legitimacy of specific sampling and analytical processs. QA plans should affect internal cheques for quality control and appraisal. Spaces are typically used as they are intended to bring out taints that may lend to inaccuracy and the biasness of consequences. For illustration, filtration spaces cheques for possible cross-contamination through deficient field filtration techniques while travel spaces detect any prevailing pollution ensuing from the container during conveyance and storage. Other spaces include equipment space which consequences include entire field and laboratory beginnings of taint and instrument spaces consequences, which show merely laboratory beginnings of taint. The analysis of Standard Reference Material ( SRM ) is besides an of import as it measures the methods truth, as SRM are prepared from reagents of highest pureness, or samples that have been spiked with analyte. It is an confidence that the consequences attained in the monitoring plan are comparable with consequences from other research labs. At the Ranger U mine, to attest that the consequences of the uninterrupted monitoring informations are valid, extended sets of quality control ( QC ) substructure are in topographic point i.e. equipment and construction direction, care and standardization enfranchisement, along with in-built dorsum up systems to vouch that the sets of QC substructures remain functional at all times. Two multiprobe and an car sampling station were installed at each site and were attached to informations lumbermans that collect the measured informations and controlled the operation of the instruments through a elaborate and comprehensive logging plan. This logging plan ensures the immediate polish of any issue in the instrument or detector through trying triggers every bit good as a figure of dismaies. In the Australia Pacific LNG instance survey, H2O quality monitoring of samples were done at deepnesss of about 30cm from the surface at each site. Field sampling was done by a suitably trained and experient individual in conformity with Australian StandardWater Quality Sampling, and in conformity with theMonitoring and Sampling Guidelines 2009.Which in sum-up:Samples were collected directly into the sample bottle wherever possible, and the bottles were non rinsed prior to try collectionaˆ?Powderless baseball mitts were used when roll uping all H2O samples, and attention will was taken non to touch the interior of any trying containers, or to put unfastened bottles / jars or their palpebras onto the land or other contaminated surfacesA field space was collected from one site during each trying event, to measure sample handling processsSamples were placed in an esky and maintain under the appropriate retention conditions for each parametric quantity until it was delivered to the r esearch lab within the appropriate retention clip ( as advised by the analytical research lab ) in conformity with the security and conveyance protocols outlined in theMonitoring and Sampling Manual( DERM 2009a )A concatenation of detention signifier was completed for all samples sent to the research lab for analysis, andaˆ?A NATA-accredited research lab analyzed samples, and research lab extras and spaces were analyzed in conformity with NATA-accredited protocols.The consequences from the QA were crosschecked with a 2nd lab and an mistake rate of & lt ; 10 % will be considered acceptable ( in conformity with the National River Health Program protocols, DERM 2009a ) . If consequences were deemed unacceptable & gt ; 10 % , it will ensue in a farther 10 % of samples being checked by a 2nd lab, and so on. ConcluZion The intent for executing environmental monitoring plans is frequently to set up tendencies in environmental parametric quantities based on current or baseline informations sets. The chief end for executing environmental monitoring is to supervising informations from legion spacial and temporal graduated tables ; interpret informations into ratings of current ecological status and forecasts the hereafter hazards and benefits to our natural resources. Although H2O quality records can be extremely variable in footings of temporal and spacial frequence of sampling, good experimental design and good quality confidence plans can guarantee a monitoring plan is successful and the consequences dependable. However, supervising plans can non be run indefinitely. At some point researches would necessitate to inquire if the monitoring plan is still relevant and have we learnt all we needed. Mention

Imagine you are Arthur miller Essay

This may be because they lack the language to express themselves fully or because they do not want to put their ideas into words. Eddie and Beatrice’s relationship is deteriorating because Eddie is jealous of Rodolfo. Beatrice is aware of a deeper, more disturbing reason for Eddie’s protectiveness for Catherine. It soon becomes clear that she is unhappy about Eddie’s attitude to his niece and she is able to persuade him to allow Catherine to start work when she gets offered one. Beatrice repeats the words â€Å"What do you want from me? † over again. â€Å"When am I going to be a wife again, Eddie? † She wants to know if he still loves her because they haven’t talked or had any physical or sexual relationships which means that part of their relationship with each other has broken down, and despite challenging Eddie over this, Beatrice is unable to make him face why this might be, let alone make him admit his weakness to himself, as a result of this she remains powerless to help him. Beatrice realized she had to tell Eddie that he wants â€Å"somethin’ else, Eddie, and you can never have her! † This key dialogue within the play not only causes Catherine and Eddie’s relationship to deteriorate, but because Eddie will not allow her to try to achieve adult hood; he is possessive and controlling. It is this urge to protect Catherine, to keep her from discovering her independence, that makes him particularly sensitive to the presence of Marco and especially Rodolfo, to whom Catherine becomes attracted. Catherine sometimes sits on the edge of the bath, in her underwear, talking to Eddie while he shaves. This shows how close they once were but also hints at the inappropriate crossing of boundaries, that leads to the eventual break up in their relationship. But, Catherine finding work, her growing attraction towards Rodolfo, which leads to their planned marriage, brings out an increasingly aggressive reaction in Eddie that starts to break the family apart. Eddie is suspicious of Rodolfo’s interest in Catherine, believing that he seeks to marry her in order to gain the American Citizenship. It becomes clear to Catherine that Rodolfo’s intentions towards her are motivated by his love for her. Eddie’s dislike not to be Catherine’s affections, as well as his desire for her, which forces him to talk with Alfieri for advice and which, even after Alfieri has told him to let events follow their natural course. This pushes Eddie to betray Eddie and Rodolfo. At the end, Catherine says â€Å"Rat in the sewer† and is always shouting which shows how much their relationship has disappeared. She becomes more rebellious and independent and Beatrice becomes increasingly frustrated as she realizes how the events will go. Eddie’s aggression towards Rodolfo is shown in the boxing scenes. Eddie’s main problems with Rodolfo are that he cooks; he sings; he’s blonde; he sews; he dances and seems to be extremely feminine overall. To Eddie all the talents that Rodolfo is showing, points to only one thing in his eyes: he’s gay. Most of the time Eddie doesn’t know all the facts and jumps to conclusions, he refuses to see sense â€Å"his eyes were like tunnels†. Eddie cannot be persuaded otherwise, he is self centred and doesn’t care whose feelings he hurts as long as he proves his point. Eddie and Rodolfo are completely different. Physically Eddie has brown hair, quite well built, straightforward and simple where as Rodolfo has blonde hair, lighthearted, good looking and light on his feet; their language, even though English is Rodolfo’s second language, he is able to express himself more passionately and imaginatively then Eddie. Rodolfo and Eddie’s attitudes differ because of the generation gap and Eddie has more experience about things, he’s older and ‘wiser’. Rodolfo asks a lot of questions about things and wants to get a job, buy a motorcycle, and have dreams and fantasies of his future life. Marco and his structure, in comparison to Eddie, is similar in the fact that they both show signs of bulk and muscle and both enjoy to work hard for their family. That is why they got along in the beginning. Their interaction with each other clearly shows that Eddie preferred talking to Marco rather than Rodolfo. At the end of act 1, Marco gives Eddie a physical threat with â€Å"the chair raised like a weapon over Eddie’s head†. Marco shows Eddie ‘how to’ lift the chair and Eddie tries but fails again and again. Marco tried to scare Eddie but he has to get the message first. Marco lifts the chair over his head and gives Eddie a glare of warning and triumph. Eddie’s grin disappears as he finally gets the message. At the end of act 5 shows just how far Eddie was determined to go to try and get his name back from Marco. Eddie gets killed by Marco because he turned both Marco and Rodolfo into the Immigration Bureau. This act of betrayal on members of his own extended family allows the tragedy, which Alfieri foresaw at the beginning and he knew he wouldn’t be able to prevent these things happening. Though despite Alfieri’s best efforts, Marco is set upon getting revenge for his betrayal, while Eddie is determined to maintain his reputation and honour. Eddie felt that the only way he could get his respect from the people back was to try and kill Marco. They finally come face to face in view of the neighbourhood and the unpreventable tragedy happens. Marco was stronger and it was Eddie’s own knife and arrogance that killed him. This scene is where Catherine and Beatrice admit that they really do care for Eddie. Thank you for writing to me Albert, I hope my advice aids your performance in the play. Yours sincerely, Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

The Olmec Royal Compound at La Venta

The Olmec Royal Compound at La Venta The Olmec Royal Compound at La Venta: La Venta was a great Olmec city which thrived in the present-day Mexican State of Tabasco from around 1000 to 400 B.C. The city was built on a ridge, and on top of that ridge are several important buildings and complexes. Taken together, these make up the â€Å"Royal Compound† of La Venta, an extremely important ceremonial site. The Olmec Civilization: The Olmec culture is the earliest of the great Mesoamerican civilizations and is considered by many to be the mother culture of later peoples such as the Maya and the Aztecs. The Olmecs are associated with several archaeological sites, but two of their cities are considered more important than the others: San Lorenzo and La Venta. Both of these city names are modern, as the original names of these cities have been lost. The Olmecs had a complex cosmos and religion.a including a pantheon of several gods. They also had long-distance trade routes and were extremely talented artists and sculptors. With the fall of La Venta around 400 B.C. the Olmec culture collapsed, succeeded by the epi-Olmec. La Venta: La Venta was the greatest city of its day. Although there were other cultures in Mesoamerica at the time La Venta was at its apex, no other city could compare in size, influence or grandeur. A powerful ruling class could command thousands of workers for public works tasks, such as bringing huge blocks of stone many miles to be carved at Olmec workshops in the city. Priests managed the communications between this world and the supernatural planes of the gods and many thousands of common people labored in the farms and rivers to feed the growing empire. At its height, La Venta was home to thousands of people and directly controlled an area of around 200 hectares – its influence reached much further. The Great Pyramid – Complex C: La Venta is dominated by Complex C, also called the Great Pyramid. Complex C is a conical construction, made of clay, which was once a more clearly defined pyramid. It stands about 30 meters (100 feet) high and has a diameter of about 120 meters (400 feet) It is man-made of nearly 100,000 cubic meters (3.5 million cubic feet) of earth, which must have taken thousands of man-hours to accomplish, and it is the highest point of La Venta. Unfortunately, part of the top of the mound was destroyed by nearby oil operations in the 1960’s. The Olmec considered mountains sacred, and since there are no mountains nearby, it is thought by some researchers that Complex C was created to stand-in for a sacred mountain in religious ceremonies. Four stelae located at the base of the mound, with â€Å"mountain faces† on them, seem to bear out this theory (Grove). Complex A: Complex A, located at the base of the Great Pyramid to the north, is one of the most important Olmec sites ever discovered. Complex A was a religious and ceremonial complex and served as a royal necropolis as well. Complex A is home to a series of small mounds and walls, but it is what is underground that is most interesting. Five massive offerings have been found in Complex A: these are large pits which were dug out and then filled with stones, colored clay and mosaics. Many smaller offerings have been found as well, including figurines, celts, masks, jewelry and other Olmec treasures given to the gods. Five tombs have been found in the complex, and although the bodies of the occupants decomposed long ago, important objects have been found there. To the north, Complex A was guarded by three colossal heads, and several sculptures and stelae of note have been found in the complex. Complex B: To the south of the Great Pyramid, Complex B is a large plaza (referred to as Plaza B) and a series of four smaller mounds. This airy, open area was most likely a place for the Olmec people to gather to witness ceremonies that took place on or near the pyramid. Several noteworthy sculptures were found in Complex B, including a colossal head and three Olmec-style sculpted thrones. The Stirling Acropolis: The Stirling Acropolis is a massive earthen platform which dominates the eastern side of Complex B. On top are two small, circular mounds and two long, parallel mounds that some believe may be an early ballcourt. Many fragments of broken statues and monuments as well as a drainage system and basalt columns have been found in the acropolis, leading to speculation that it may have once been the royal palace where the ruler of La Venta and his family resided. It is named for American archaeologist Matthew Stirling (1896-1975) who did a great deal of important work at La Venta. Importance of the La Venta Royal Compound: The Royal Compound of La Venta is the most important section of one of the four most important Olmec sites located and excavated to date. The discoveries made there - in particular at Complex A - have changed the way we see the Ancient Olmec culture. The Olmec civilization, in turn, is very important to the study of Mesoamerican cultures. The Olmec civilization is important in that it developed independently: in the region, there are no major cultures that came before them to influence their religion, culture, etc. Societies like the Olmec, which developed on their own, are referred to as pristine civilizations and there are very few of them. There may yet be even more discoveries to make in the royal compound. Magnetometer readings of Complex C indicate there is something in there, but it has not yet been excavated. Other digs in the area may reveal more sculptures or offerings. The royal compound may yet have secrets to divulge. Sources: Coe, Michael D and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008 Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 2004. Grove, David C. Cerros Sagradas Olmecas. Trans. Elisa Ramirez. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). P. 30-35. Miller, Mary and Karl Taube. An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. New York: Thames Hudson, 1993. Gonzalez Tauck, Rebecca B. El Complejo A: La Venta, Tabasco Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol XV - Num. 87 (Sept-Oct 2007). p. 49-54.

A View of the Mexican- American Battle and the Reasons behind the Involvement of the United States

A View of the Mexican- American Battle and the Reasons behind the Involvement of the United States U.S. History Honors The Mexican-American War DBQ â€Å"Was the United States justified in going to war with Mexico?† This is a trigger phrase similar to watching two siblings fighting over who gets to play the Xbox. â€Å"It’s MY Xbox.† â€Å"But you ruin the whole game.† In this case, Mexico owns the land of dispute and the US is eager to take it. In my opinion, the US should not have gone to war with Mexico for these reasons: the US provoked the war; gaining Texas was another way to spread slavery; and the annexation of Texas would make America a bigger threat, scaring Mexico along with other countries. The â€Å"US Invasion† was just part of the US’s plan to gain land in the early 1800s, once again because of the same excuse, Manifest Destiny. Mexico’s idea of convincing American settlers to move in to even out the contrasting social population of rich and poor backfired and right after winning their independence from Spain: a Mexican horror story! â€Å"[T]he troops commanded by General Zachary Taylor arrived at the Rio Grande†¦ (Doc. C)† From Mexican perspectives, the border between Mexico and the United States was the Nueces River. When the Americans crossed over to the Rio Grande, which was below the Nueces River, Mexico burst into flames. This means that the US initiated the war, forcing the Mexicans to the last straw until they had to finally start defending themselves. â€Å"Polk saw Mexico’s treatment of [the envoys] as an opportunity [to go to war]. He felt America’s honor had been challenged. When word arrived†¦ that Mexican soldiers had fired upon Americans on the ‘Texas side’ of the Rio Grande, President Polk had a reason for going to war (BE).† I think this is full of baloney because previously, the quote implies that the US had a reason for going to war, so why would Mexico attack first? This unlikely event intimates a few element changes of the history of the war . â€Å"A current of emigration soon followed from the United States. Slaveholders crossed the Sabine (river between Louisiana and Texas) with their slaves, in defiance of the Mexican ordinance of freedom. (Doc. D)† This quote makes the US seem very ironic since the US was â€Å"the land of opportunity and freedom† that many people of ethnic groups rushed to yet many slaves did not have opportunity nor freedom. In Mexico, slavery was illegal, so in a way, Mexico was even more free than the US. The Mexican-American War was just another product of Manifest Destiny, an excuse from â€Å"God† to gain land from the Atlantic to the Pacific to spread democracy which eventually turned into an excuse for spreading slavery. If the Americans took over Texas (which happened anyway), the territory would be back to square one: slavery. Considering the fact that Texas was still theirs, Mexico tried to prevent the slavery opposition from being obsolete. â€Å"The combination of American troops at the Rio Grande and the attempt to buy a large part of their country angered the Mexican government. [Polk’s envoys] were asked to leave Mexico City (BE).† How casually the author mentioned that the envoys were asked to leave may hint that the US doesn’t want to admit to looking like a bad guy. This also illustrates that Polk was ambitious to gain this land and maybe even pushy when the offer was bluntly rejected. The quote: â€Å"Imbecile and distracted, Mexico never can exert any real governmental authority over such a country†¦ (Doc. A)† shows how highly the US thought of itself. They shouldn’t be so quick to rise conflict, the US and Mexico being young countries alike. Having Texas secede wasnt so terrible in Mexican eyes, but having Texas secede to join the US was a major problem. Mexico was content if Texas was its own country since Texas alone wasn’t much of a threat; however, the annexa tion of Texas to the US would mean more land, meaning more power. Every other country would rather have the US care for itself and be uninvolved in matters outside of their business. This is the way people thought about England, which means the US eventually became what the Founding Fathers feared. Furthermore, â€Å"America’s wars have often been controversial [with small approval rates] (BE).† The idea I’m getting is that although in many wars citizens opposed going to war, the government doesn’t listen and goes to war anyway, which isn’t being very representative like the way it is defined. So who are the US to say that Mexico can’t govern themselves properly? All in all, I support the Mexicans’ viewpoint on the war. The US deliberately had shots fired at Mexico to own Texas and California. The United States clearly had no business in trying to take over land that originally belonged to the Mexicans. The USs pushiness, impatience, want for more slaves, and rising reign of terror connected to their were not valid reasons to go to war with Mexico. Even though I am American, I have to say that at the time, the US was being a bit snotty for wanting to take over as much as they possibly could. The war is shameful to our history, acknowledging the fact that the US always seemed so glorified and perfect when really, we have committed some of our own sins and went back on our words of equality and justice for everyone.

Legal Forms of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Forms of Business - Essay Example In addition, where a single person can raise entire capital required to start a business in which he/she is the central service provider and wants full control. A partnership would be appropriate if the business’ ownership lies with a family or if capital contribution is done by more than one person (Ennico, 2010). Partnerships are typical in instances where the entity’s business line is not risky enough to warrant a more complex model. Limited liability partnerships are recommendable for small businesses that start off with one person or company as the owner but the need to expand by soliciting investments from other persons or companies. These new entrants are referred to as limited partners as their liabilities are limited to the business entity since they have no control of business operations. In such a scenario, the business’ daily operations are run by a general partner who is, therefore, liable for business debt unless the general partner is a company. Limited liability companies, on the other hand, are suitable for persons wishing to set up a business entity where owners’ liability for business debts and court judgements made against the company. This business form is appropriate for persons or companies that require a separate legal and tax entity from the owners , hence owners file their personal taxes from salaries and bonuses earned by the company (Mitchell, 2009). This is the most suitable form in instances where owners have massive assets that they wish to protect from business creditors, or the business conducted by the company is risky to warrant constant law suits from customers. S corporations would be suitable in instances where shareholders or owners would like to receive salaries that are considered â€Å"reasonable† by law. S corporations can also be set up when owners wish to make additional funds because funds retained by the entity after paying its